Muslim Rule in Sub-continent:
The first permanent Muslim foothold in the South Asian Sub-continent was achieved with Muhammad Bin Qasim's conquest of Sindh in C.E. An autonomous Muslim state was established and Arabic was introduced as official language. At the time of Mahmud of Ghazna's invasion, Muslim rule still existed, thought in a weakened from, in Multan and some other regions. The Ghaznavids (976 to 1148) and their successors, the Ghurids (1148 to 1206) were Central Asian by origin and outlook and they ruled their territories, which covered mostly the regions of present Pakistan, from capitals outside India. It was in early 13th century that the foundation of Muslim rule in India were laid with extended boundaries and Delhi as the capital. From 1206 to 1526 C.E., five different dynasties held sawy. Then followed the period of Mughal ascendancy (1586 to 1707), and their rule continued, thought nominally, till 1857.
From the time of Ghaznavids, Persian replaced Arabic as the official language. The economic, political and religious institutions developed by the Muslims bore their unique impression. The law of the state was based on Shariah and in principle the rulers were bound to enforce it.
Emergence of British:
Meanwhile, the British had emerged as the dominant force in South Asia. Their rise to power was gradual extending over a period of nearly one hundred years. They replaced the Shariah by what they termed as the Anglo-Muhammadan law. English became the official language. These and other developments had great social , economic and political impact especially on the Muslims of South Asia.
By: Ali Raza Attar
The first permanent Muslim foothold in the South Asian Sub-continent was achieved with Muhammad Bin Qasim's conquest of Sindh in C.E. An autonomous Muslim state was established and Arabic was introduced as official language. At the time of Mahmud of Ghazna's invasion, Muslim rule still existed, thought in a weakened from, in Multan and some other regions. The Ghaznavids (976 to 1148) and their successors, the Ghurids (1148 to 1206) were Central Asian by origin and outlook and they ruled their territories, which covered mostly the regions of present Pakistan, from capitals outside India. It was in early 13th century that the foundation of Muslim rule in India were laid with extended boundaries and Delhi as the capital. From 1206 to 1526 C.E., five different dynasties held sawy. Then followed the period of Mughal ascendancy (1586 to 1707), and their rule continued, thought nominally, till 1857.
From the time of Ghaznavids, Persian replaced Arabic as the official language. The economic, political and religious institutions developed by the Muslims bore their unique impression. The law of the state was based on Shariah and in principle the rulers were bound to enforce it.
Emergence of British:
Meanwhile, the British had emerged as the dominant force in South Asia. Their rise to power was gradual extending over a period of nearly one hundred years. They replaced the Shariah by what they termed as the Anglo-Muhammadan law. English became the official language. These and other developments had great social , economic and political impact especially on the Muslims of South Asia.
By: Ali Raza Attar
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